Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis: Molecular Regulation and Emerging Pathophysiological Insights

This chapter provides an integrative review of the molecular architecture governing hypothalamic-pituitary communication, with emphasis on recent discoveries in neuropeptide signaling, feedback regulation, and transcriptional control of pituitary cell lineages. It examines the pathophysiological basis of disorders including hypopituitarism, acromegaly, and Cushing’s disease in the context of contemporary molecular endocrinology. The chapter also highlights translational advances, including novel imaging modalities and targeted pharmacological interventions.