Hematological Complications of Systemic and Infectious Diseases

This chapter provides a detailed review of hematological manifestations arising in the context of systemic inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, and infectious pathogens, with a particular focus on mechanisms of cytopenias, coagulopathy, and dysregulated hematopoiesis. It examines hematological complications associated with viral infections including Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and SARS-CoV-2, as well as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). The chapter highlights evolving diagnostic criteria, the immunopathology of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia, and management frameworks for these complex clinical scenarios.