Precision Oncology and Next-Generation Sequencing: Translating Genomic Profiling into Clinical Action

The widespread adoption of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has catalyzed the era of precision oncology, enabling the identification of actionable genomic alterations across diverse cancer types. This chapter examines the clinical utility of comprehensive genomic profiling — including tumor-only and paired tumor-germline sequencing — discusses frameworks for variant interpretation and therapeutic matching, and addresses the practical, ethical, and health-system challenges of integrating precision genomics into routine oncology care.