Systemic Sclerosis: Pathomechanisms, Organ-Based Complications, and Advances in Targeted Treatment

This chapter provides an in-depth review of the immunopathological mechanisms underpinning fibrosis, vasculopathy, and immune activation in systemic sclerosis, drawing on recent insights from single-cell transcriptomics, epigenetic studies, and autoantibody profiling. The chapter comprehensively addresses organ-specific complications including interstitial lung disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and scleroderma renal crisis, and evaluates current and emerging therapies including nintedanib, autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and anti-fibrotic biologics.