Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Contemporary Techniques, Virtual Surgical Planning, and Innovations in Craniofacial Reconstruction

This chapter reviews significant advances in oral and maxillofacial surgery with emphasis on virtual surgical planning, computer-guided osteotomies, and patient-specific implant fabrication using three-dimensional imaging and additive manufacturing. It evaluates current evidence on orthognathic surgery outcomes, distraction osteogenesis, and the surgical management of temporomandibular joint disorders and facial trauma, highlighting how digital technologies have enhanced precision, reduced operative time, and improved postoperative outcomes. Emerging frontiers including tissue-engineered bone grafts, allotransplantation, and robotic-assisted craniofacial surgery are also discussed.