Endocrine Surgery: Recent Advances in Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Surgical Management

This chapter examines current advances in the surgical management of thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal pathology, reviewing evolving operative approaches including remote-access thyroidectomy, intraoperative neuromonitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, and scarless parathyroidectomy guided by four-dimensional computed tomography and intraoperative parathyroid hormone assay. It integrates the latest evidence on surgical management thresholds for adrenal incidentaloma, minimally invasive adrenalectomy, and the expanding surgical applications of molecular profiling in thyroid nodule evaluation.