Advances in Microsurgery and Free Flap Reconstruction

This chapter reviews the evolution of microsurgical techniques over the past decade, with particular emphasis on perforator flap refinements, supermicrosurgery, and the integration of intraoperative imaging modalities such as indocyanine green angiography. It critically appraises the evidence for emerging approaches including lymphatic microsurgery and vascularised composite allotransplantation, and examines how technological innovation is extending the boundaries of reconstructive possibility.