Pediatric Ophthalmology and Retinopathy of Prematurity: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment

This chapter reviews recent progress in the management of visually threatening conditions in childhood, with particular focus on retinopathy of prematurity, amblyopia, childhood cataract, and paediatric uveitis. It evaluates evidence supporting intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy as an evolving alternative to laser photocoagulation in retinopathy of prematurity, discusses advances in genetic and molecular understanding of inherited paediatric eye disease, and examines digital technologies and telemedicine platforms now facilitating screening and follow-up in neonatal and paediatric populations.