Ocular Oncology: Current Approaches and Emerging Therapies in Intraocular and Periocular Tumours

This chapter provides a scholarly review of the diagnosis and management of primary intraocular malignancies, with emphasis on uveal melanoma, retinoblastoma, and primary vitreoretinal lymphoma, as well as selected periocular and orbital tumours. It discusses advances in genetic prognostication, organ-sparing treatment modalities including proton beam radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy, the emerging role of immunotherapy and targeted molecular agents, and current approaches to surveillance and systemic metastatic management.