Endometriosis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Contemporary Management Strategies

This chapter offers a thorough review of the current understanding of endometriosis, from molecular mechanisms of disease initiation and progression to the diagnostic challenges posed by the lack of reliable non-invasive biomarkers. It synthesizes recent advances in medical and surgical management, including novel hormonal agents, immunomodulatory therapies, and fertility-sparing surgical approaches, with particular emphasis on managing deep infiltrating and extra-pelvic disease. The chapter also addresses the psychosocial burden of the condition, diagnostic delay, and ongoing efforts toward earlier detection and personalized therapeutic strategies.