Targeted Biologics and Small Molecule Therapies: Mechanisms and Evolving Indications

This chapter systematically reviews the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles of the expanding arsenal of biologics and small molecules now approved or in late-stage development for dermatological indications. Special attention is given to IL-4/IL-13, IL-17, IL-23, and JAK inhibitor pathways, examining both their mechanistic rationale and comparative clinical outcomes. The chapter also addresses emerging challenges including treatment sequencing, secondary failure, and long-term safety surveillance in real-world dermatology practice.