Acne, Rosacea, and Sebaceous Gland Disorders: Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies

This chapter offers an updated synthesis of the pathophysiological mechanisms driving acne vulgaris, rosacea, and related sebaceous gland disorders, highlighting the interplay of sebaceous hyperactivity, follicular dysbiosis, innate immune activation, and neurogenic inflammation. It reviews the evolving evidence base for established treatments — including retinoids, antibiotics, and hormonal agents — alongside emerging therapies such as microbiome modulators, novel anti-inflammatory compounds, and laser-based interventions. The chapter also addresses the growing recognition of acne and rosacea as systemic inflammatory conditions with significant psychological and quality-of-life implications.