Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Pathology: Emerging Concepts in Inflammation and Neoplasia

This chapter delivers a comprehensive review of recent advances in the pathological understanding of gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases, with a focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis, Barrett esophagus progression, and hepatocellular carcinogenesis in the context of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. It examines how evolving classification criteria and updated diagnostic thresholds are reshaping clinical-pathological correlation in these conditions, and discusses the impact of deep molecular profiling on risk stratification and surveillance strategies. Emerging entities, including IgG4-related disease and checkpoint inhibitor–associated enterocolitis and hepatitis, are also addressed.