Precision Medicine and Artificial Intelligence in Nephrology: Biomarkers, Omics, and the Future

The final chapter explores the transformative potential of precision medicine approaches in nephrology, integrating genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics to redefine disease classification and individualize therapy. It critically assesses the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in nephrology, including their applications in AKI prediction, image analysis of renal biopsies, and the optimization of dialysis parameters, and reflects on the ethical and implementation challenges ahead.