Contemporary Advances in Spine Surgery: Minimally Invasive Approaches, Navigation, and Motion Preservation

This chapter provides an in-depth review of the most significant recent advances in spine surgery, encompassing minimally invasive lumbar and cervical techniques, image-guided and computer-navigated spinal instrumentation, and motion-preserving technologies including total disc arthroplasty and dynamic stabilization systems. Evidence from randomized controlled trials and multicenter studies is critically evaluated to address clinical outcomes, complication profiles, reoperation rates, and patient-reported measures. The chapter also reviews advances in surgical management of adult spinal deformity, adjacent segment disease, and degenerative cervical myelopathy, highlighting areas of ongoing debate and emerging consensus.