Addiction Psychiatry: Neurobiological Mechanisms and Treatment Innovations

This chapter provides an in-depth review of the neuroscience of substance use disorders and behavioral addictions, with emphasis on reward circuitry, incentive salience, and allostatic dysregulation. It critically examines recent advances in understanding the neuroplastic consequences of chronic substance exposure and the biological basis of craving, relapse, and recovery. Emerging pharmacotherapeutic strategies, harm reduction approaches, and the integration of behavioral and pharmacological treatments are reviewed with attention to current evidence and future directions.