Advanced Endoscopic Techniques in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Disorders

This chapter reviews the technological advances transforming the practice of diagnostic and interventional endoscopy, with emphasis on endoscopic submucosal dissection, per-oral endoscopic myotomy, endoscopic full-thickness resection, lumen-apposing metal stents, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventional procedures. The chapter discusses clinical indications, technical considerations, outcomes data, and complication profiles for each modality, and explores the expanding role of artificial intelligence in real-time lesion detection, polyp characterisation, and quality assurance in endoscopic practice.