Advances in Sports Medicine and Arthroscopic Surgery: Ligament Reconstruction, Cartilage Repair, and Return-to-Sport Protocols

This chapter offers a thorough review of the current landscape of sports medicine surgery, with focused coverage of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction techniques including anatomic single- and double-bundle approaches, biologics-augmented graft healing, and revision strategies. Cartilage restoration modalities, including microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation, osteochondral allograft transplantation, and scaffold-based repair, are appraised against current outcome benchmarks. The chapter further addresses shoulder instability management, rotator cuff repair innovations, and evidence-based return-to-sport criteria, integrating biomechanical, clinical, and psychological determinants of athlete recovery.