Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Ophthalmology: Transforming Diagnosis and Disease Management

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the application of artificial intelligence and deep learning algorithms in ophthalmic diagnosis, screening, and clinical decision-making. It evaluates the evidence base for AI-powered tools across major ocular conditions including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and retinopathy of prematurity, while examining regulatory considerations, real-world implementation challenges, and the evolving role of AI in personalizing patient care.