Asthma in the Era of Biologics: From Disease Heterogeneity to Targeted Therapy

This chapter explores the evolving understanding of asthma as a heterogeneous, endotype-driven disease and reviews the scientific basis for stratified therapeutic approaches. Emphasis is placed on the expanding armamentarium of monoclonal antibodies targeting key inflammatory pathways, the clinical outcomes data supporting their use in severe and refractory asthma, and the practical frameworks emerging to guide biologic selection in real-world clinical settings.