Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery: Mechanisms, Outcomes, and Long-Term Implications

This chapter provides a rigorous review of the physiological mechanisms, surgical techniques, and long-term clinical outcomes associated with contemporary bariatric and metabolic surgical procedures, including sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and one-anastomosis gastric bypass. It critically examines evidence on weight recurrence, micronutrient deficiency, skeletal health, and the role of bariatric surgery in the remission of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, while addressing patient selection criteria and revisional surgery considerations.