Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Advances in Pharmacotherapy and Minimally Invasive Therapies

This chapter reviews the evolving management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), with emphasis on the mechanistic basis of current pharmacological classes — including alpha-blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, and beta-3 agonists — and their combined use strategies. It evaluates the growing evidence for minimally invasive surgical therapies such as prostatic urethral lift, water vapor thermal therapy, and aquablation, benchmarking their outcomes against traditional endoscopic and open surgical approaches. Patient-centered outcome measures, retreatment rates, and quality-of-life data are reviewed comprehensively.