CAR-T Cell and Adoptive Cell Therapies: From Bench to Clinical Practice

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy represents one of the most transformative developments in the treatment of hematological malignancies, with expanding applications in solid tumors. This chapter reviews the engineering principles underlying CAR constructs, the clinical efficacy and toxicity profiles of approved CAR-T products, and the current challenges of manufacturing scalability, tumor antigen heterogeneity, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments that limit broader application.