Cardiac Arrhythmias: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Advances in Electrophysiology

This chapter presents a rigorous review of the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying common and complex cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and inherited channelopathies, with reference to both ion channel biology and structural substrates. It evaluates advances in invasive and non-invasive diagnostic tools, including high-density electroanatomical mapping, wearable rhythm monitoring, and implantable loop recorders. The chapter further reviews the evolving landscape of catheter ablation strategies, antiarrhythmic pharmacotherapy, and device-based therapies, including leadless pacemakers and subcutaneous defibrillators.