Corneal Diseases and Refractive Surgery: Current Innovations and Future Frontiers

This chapter provides a detailed review of recent advances in the understanding, diagnosis, and management of corneal disease, with emphasis on evolving approaches to keratoconus, corneal endothelial disorders, and infectious keratitis. It also critically examines innovations in refractive surgery, including LASIK, SMILE, and photorefractive keratectomy, alongside developments in corneal collagen crosslinking, endothelial keratoplasty techniques, and the emerging potential of bioengineered corneal substitutes and cell-based therapies.