Diabetic Nephropathy: From Molecular Mechanisms to Novel Therapeutic Interventions

Diabetic nephropathy remains the leading cause of end-stage renal disease globally, yet its underlying biology is being reinterpreted in light of recent discoveries. This chapter examines the interplay of hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory pathways driving diabetic kidney disease, and evaluates landmark clinical evidence for novel agents including SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists.