Epigenomics in Health and Disease: From Chromatin Architecture to Clinical Biomarkers

This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of epigenetic mechanisms — DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodelling, and three-dimensional genome organisation — and their roles in development, ageing, and the pathogenesis of cancer, neurological disorders, and metabolic disease. It highlights the emergence of epigenomic profiling as a tool for disease classification and biomarker discovery, and reviews the clinical progress of epigenetic therapies including histone deacetylase inhibitors and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors.