Fracture Management and Bone Healing: Novel Fixation Strategies, Biologics, and Emerging Technologies

This chapter reviews recent advances in the surgical and biological management of fractures, examining innovations in internal fixation including locking plate systems, intramedullary nailing, and minimally invasive percutaneous techniques for periarticular and long-bone fractures. Biological adjuncts to fracture healing, including bone grafting strategies, synthetic bone substitutes, bone morphogenetic proteins, and ultrasound and electrical stimulation modalities, are appraised in the context of current clinical evidence. The chapter also addresses the management of fracture non-union and complex bone defects, with discussion of emerging approaches including periosteal grafting, vascularized bone transfer, and scaffold-guided bone regeneration.