Fungal Infections in the Modern Era: Rising Incidence, Antifungal Resistance, and Novel Therapeutic Approaches

Invasive fungal infections have emerged as a critical cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations, and their global incidence is rising sharply in the context of expanding immunosuppressive therapies, climate change, and healthcare-associated risk factors. This chapter reviews the epidemiology and pathogenesis of major invasive mycoses — including aspergillosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis, mucormycosis, and the recently described Candida auris — alongside a detailed analysis of antifungal drug classes, mechanisms of resistance, and the current pipeline of novel antifungal agents. Diagnostic advances, prophylactic strategies, and management frameworks for high-risk patient groups are also addressed.