Kidney Transplantation: Immunological Insights, Rejection Mechanisms, and Outcomes Research

Kidney transplantation is reviewed with a focus on current understanding of alloimmune mechanisms, the evolving immunosuppression landscape, and strategies for managing donor-specific antibodies and chronic allograft nephropathy. This chapter synthesizes evidence from recent outcomes research and discusses advances in histocompatibility testing, desensitization protocols, and tolerance induction strategies that are reshaping transplantation medicine.