Neuro-Ophthalmology: Recent Insights into Optic Nerve Disorders and Ocular Manifestations of Neurological Disease

This chapter examines recent advances in the understanding and clinical management of neuro-ophthalmic conditions, with a focus on optic neuritis, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, and the ocular manifestations of autoimmune neurological disorders including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. It reviews emerging neuroimaging, biomarker, and immunological insights that are reshaping diagnostic classification and guiding therapeutic decision-making in this complex subspecialty.