Paediatric Radiology: Dose Optimisation, Low-Dose Imaging Protocols, and Emerging Modalities

Paediatric radiology presents unique challenges and responsibilities, with ionising radiation avoidance, age-appropriate protocols, and paediatric-specific pathology requiring a dedicated evidence base. This chapter reviews recent advances in dose optimisation strategies across CT, fluoroscopy, and nuclear medicine; examines the growing role of MRI and ultrasound as radiation-free alternatives in paediatric imaging; and discusses emerging applications of fetal MRI, lung ultrasound, and AI-assisted congenital anomaly detection.