Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Microbiome Science

This chapter reviews recent advances in the diagnosis and management of pediatric gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases, celiac disease, and pediatric-onset liver conditions. Special attention is given to the transformative contributions of gut microbiome research — encompassing metagenomics, microbial metabolomics, and the gut-brain axis — and their implications for understanding immune programming, chronic inflammation, and novel therapeutic targets in children.