Recent Advances in Benign Hematology: Anemia, Hemoglobinopathies, and Iron Metabolism

This chapter provides a comprehensive update on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of non-malignant blood disorders, with particular emphasis on iron deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemias, and the molecular biology of hemoglobinopathies including sickle cell disease and thalassemia. It reviews the growing understanding of hepcidin regulation and its therapeutic targeting as a strategy for anemia of chronic disease, as well as emerging therapies such as luspatercept, mitapivat, and voxelotor. The chapter integrates advances in erythropoiesis biology with contemporary clinical management guidelines and ongoing clinical trial evidence.