Reproductive Endocrinology: Advances in Gonadal Axis Regulation, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Fertility

This chapter examines recent progress in understanding the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, with emphasis on kisspeptin signaling, GnRH pulsatility, and the neuroendocrine control of puberty and reproductive aging. The pathogenesis, heterogeneity, and clinical management of polycystic ovary syndrome are reviewed in light of emerging genetic, metabolic, and microbiome-related evidence. Current advances in assisted reproductive technology and pharmacological ovulation induction are also critically assessed.