Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: New Insights in Pathogenesis and Evolving Therapeutic Landscape

This chapter examines the complex and heterogeneous immunopathology of systemic lupus erythematosus, including recent discoveries linking nucleic acid sensing, complement dysregulation, and plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation to disease flares and organ damage. The chapter provides a thorough appraisal of newly approved and investigational therapies — including anifrolumab, belimumab, and calcineurin inhibitors — and discusses the evolving concept of remission and low disease activity in clinical practice.