Uveitis and Ocular Inflammatory Disease: Immunopathogenesis and Advances in Targeted Therapy

Uveitis accounts for a disproportionate burden of visual impairment globally, and its management has been transformed by the advent of targeted biologic therapies. This chapter reviews the immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying infectious and non-infectious uveitis, evaluates the evidence for conventional immunosuppression and corticosteroid-sparing strategies, and critically appraises the growing body of data supporting the use of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, interleukin pathway antagonists, and other biologic agents in refractory ocular inflammatory disease.