Immunotherapy in Hematological Cancers: CAR-T Cells, Bispecific Antibodies, and Beyond

This chapter provides an in-depth review of the immunotherapeutic revolution reshaping the treatment of lymphoid and myeloid malignancies, with a focus on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies and bispecific T-cell engagers. It covers approved products, mechanisms of action, clinical outcomes, and the management of immune-mediated toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). The chapter also addresses the next generation of cellular therapies—including allogeneic CAR-T platforms, NK cell therapies, and CAR-macrophage constructs—and the challenges and opportunities they present.