Orthopedic Oncology: Advances in Limb Salvage Surgery, Megaprosthetics, and Reconstruction

This chapter reviews the current state of the art in orthopedic oncologic surgery, with emphasis on limb salvage principles, oncologic resection margins, and reconstructive strategies for primary and metastatic bone tumors. The evolution of endoprosthetic reconstruction, including modular megaprosthetics and expandable implant systems for pediatric patients, is examined alongside biological reconstruction alternatives such as intercalary allografts, autografts, and the Capanna technique. Advances in preoperative imaging, tumor-specific surgical navigation, and the integration of systemic therapies with surgical planning are discussed, along with emerging evidence on functional outcomes and quality of life following limb-sparing procedures.