Precision Prevention: Genomics, Biomarkers, and Risk Stratification in Population Health

The integration of genomic data, polygenic risk scores, and molecular biomarkers into population-level screening and prevention programs represents a paradigm shift in preventive medicine. This chapter reviews the scientific evidence supporting precision prevention approaches for major non-communicable diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. It also addresses the ethical, legal, and social implications of genomic screening, including equity concerns related to the underrepresentation of diverse populations in large-scale genetic databases.